How must a government exercise its power of eminent domain?

The power of eminent domain refers to the government's ability to take private property for public use, provided that it compensates the property owner. The principle underlying this power is that while the government can assert its necessity for public benefit, it must also respect the rights of the property owner.

The requirement to pay "just compensation" serves to balance these interests. Just compensation is generally understood as fair market value for the property taken, ensuring that the property owner is not financially disadvantaged by the loss of their property. This legal standard is rooted in both common law and constitutional provisions, specifically the Fifth Amendment in the United States, which states that private property cannot be taken for public use without just compensation.

In contrast to the correct answer, other options do not align with the established requirements of eminent domain. For instance, compensating landowners with equity shares does not equate to adequate reimbursement for the market value of the property taken. Allowing landowners to negotiate their terms may not guarantee fair valuation and could lead to unequal compensation based on the negotiating power of the parties involved. Lastly, simply replacing the property with equivalent land fails to account for other factors such as location, property characteristics, and overall market conditions that determine fair value.

Thus, the established legal framework mandates