Which standard applies to the government's liability for torts committed by employees in aviation?

In the context of government liability for torts committed by employees, the standard that applies is based on the principle of sovereign immunity, which limits the circumstances under which the government can be held liable. Discretionary acts performed by government employees are generally protected under this principle. This is because when government employees make decisions that involve policy-making or the exercise of discretion, they are exercising judgment that is inherently tied to their governmental role.

In aviation, this means that if a government employee, such as an air traffic controller or a safety inspector, makes a decision that falls within the scope of their discretionary authority, the government typically cannot be held liable for any resulting torts. This serves to protect government officials from personal liability and encourages them to make decisions without fear of consequence, ensuring that they can act in the public interest effectively.

This understanding is crucial in the field of aviation law, especially when it comes to actions taken by government entities that impact safety, regulation, and operational procedures in aviation. The other standards mentioned do not apply here, as they relate to circumstances where different levels of liability would be assessed, which do not consider the protections afforded by sovereign immunity for discretionary acts.